Martin Niemöller (14 January 1892 – 6 March 1984) was a German theologian and Lutheran pastor. He was a national conservative and initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler but he became one of the founders of the Confessing Church, which opposed the Nazification of German Protestant churches. He then vehemently opposed the Nazis’ Aryan Paragraph.  For his opposition to the Nazis’ state control of the churches, Niemöller was imprisoned in Sachsenhausen and Dachau concentration camps from 1938 to 1945. He narrowly escaped execution. After his imprisonment, he expressed his deep regret about not having done enough to help the victims of the Nazis.

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